Chapter 7 Student competencies

• Explain what happens to the size of a given electron orbital as the number of protons in the nucleus increases.
• Predict the relative sizes of different atoms and ions.  Explain why these trends occur in terms of effective nuclear charge and electron configuration.
• Understand the factors which affect the magnitude of electrostatic (Coulombic) interactions.  Apply these principles to explain periodic trends.
• Define ionization energy and explain the periodic trends that are observed.  Use electron configuration to explain the deviations in these trends that occur across a given row.
• Define electron affinities and predict and explain the periodic trends that occur.
• Understand the reactions of:
• Metal oxides with water
• Nonmetal oxides with water
• Metal oxides with acids
• Metals with nonmetals
• Nonmetal oxides with bases
• Alkali and alkaline earth metals with water