Chapter 5 Student competencies

• Know what is meant by the terms energy, system, surroundings, closed system, energy, heat, work, potential energy, and kinetic energy. Relate chemical energy to the potential energy of electrostatic interactions and thermal energy to the kinetic energy of molecules.
• Calculate kinetic energy in Joules; interconvert among calories, joules and nutritional calories.
• Know the First Law of Thermodynamics
• Understand the interconversion between potential and kinetic energy.
• Calculate the energy change of a system associated with work and heat inputs or outputs.
• Understand the sign conventions for heat, work, and energy changes.
• Describe endothermic and exothermic processes.
• Understand what a state function is.
• Know what the change in enthalpy for a system corresponds to; understand the sign convention for enthalpy changes.
• Relate enthalpy changes to pressure-volume work.
• Calculate the enthalpy change that occurs when a given amount of reactant (product) is consumed (produced).
• Know the meaning and understand the context of these terms: specific heat, heat capacity, molar heat capacity.
• Calculate the specific heat of a substance from given data.
• Use specific heat, mass, and temperature change data to determine q.
• Relate q to the change in enthalpy for a particular reaction.
• Describe how to conduct simple constant-pressure calorimetery experiments.
• Use calorimetry data to calculate q and the change in enthalpy for a particular reaction.
• Use calorimetry calibration data to determine the heat capacity for the calorimeter.
• Understand how body temperature is regulated.
• Describe the three primary ways in which heat is transferred from the body to its surroundings.
• Use Hess's Law to determine the enthalpy change for a reaction.
• State Hess's Law.
• Use enthalpies of formation to determine the enthalpy change for a reaction.
• Know exactly what is meant by the standard enthalpy of formation of a substance.
• Understand key energy considerations regarding food and fuels.
• Understand the energy systems used by the human body and how food specifically provides this energy.
• Describe the chemical makeup of the three major types of fossil fuels
• Describe the coal gasification process.
• Explain how nuclear energy is obtained and the amount of power obtained from it in the U.S..
• Discuss the advantages and barriers to hydrogen fuel use in future years.
• Identify the major sources of renewable fuels.