CHEM 502 -
Instrumental Analysis
Section 001, Course# 11641,
3.0 Credit Hrs – Fall 2009
Time/Location:
12:30 - 1:45 TR / Sims 302
Professor: Dr.
Cliff Calloway, callowayc@winthrop.edu
Office/Phone:
312-B Sims Hall / 323-4945
Office Hours: MWF 10:00 - 12:00 {And
other times by appointment….please don’t hesitate to contact me.}
Textbook: Skoog,
D.A., Holler, F.J., Crouch, S.R. Principles
of Instrumental Analysis, 6thedition, 2007.
Pre-requisites: Grade
of C or better in Chem 313, 314 and Chem 301
Registration
Calendar (important dates for registration, S/U, graduation, etc)
Introduction:
Chemical analysis
methods are frequently used in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, environmental, geological,
materials development, forensic, medical, nutritional, and industrial labs. The
scientists and engineers conducting research and development for these
industries often seek answers to chemical identity, structure, or amounts. As such, chemical analysis plays a critical
role in scientific development.
Qualitative and quantitative methods of chemical analysis for organic,
biochemical, and inorganic compounds fall into two categories….classical (or
wet) methods and instrumental methods. In Chemistry 313/314, we
surveyed some classical methods of analysis, including titration, gravimetric
and volumetric analysis, as well as some instrumental methods of analysis (gas
& liquid chromatography, atomic & molecular spectrometry, and
electrochemistry). Although there is not always a clear barrier between the
two, the primary difference arises from the type of physical property used to
provide information. Classical methods often rely on reactivity or physical
properties such as solubility, color, melting and/or boiling points, odors, or
refractive indices for qualitative information, while gravimetric, volumetric,
and titrimetric measurements provide quantitative information. Classical methods for the separation of mixtures
are mainly solvent extractions, precipitation, and distillation. Instrumental
methods of analysis typically utilize other physical properties such as
absorption or emission of light, mass-to-charge ratio, electrode potential,
current, or charge measured with modern sophisticated electronic devices. Separations are carried out by more efficient
chromatography and electrophoresis methods.
Instrumental
methods of analysis certainly extend well beyond the chemistry lab.
Unfortunately, some scientists view and utilize these instruments as "black
boxes". The term implies a device in which the scientist places a sample
and somehow a number is generated that influences the scientist’s
decision-making process. It should be apparent that this approach could be
dangerous, as the old saying "Garbage In/Garbage Out" is often true.
As such any scientist using sophisticated instrumental equipment needs at least
a basic understanding of how these devices are designed to work.
Course Goals:
Instrumental Analysis is a broad and
continually expanding subject as new technologies emerge, but these methods can
generally be categorized as spectroscopic, electrochemical, or
chromatographic. In this course, we will
essentially take the cover off these "black boxes" to see how these
instruments are constructed and how measurements are made from the underlying
chemical and physical properties of the substance. In fact, you are likely to see
instrumentation represented from other courses you’ve taken, demonstrating the
broad impact instrumentation has in science.
Quantitative problem solving will be utilized as a means to demonstrate
the chemical and physical principles applied to the design and performance of
instruments.
The
goal of this course is NOT to make you an "expert" on every type of
instrumentation to be encountered in a science lab, but rather to introduce and
educate you to the common principles as well as the variety of instrumentation
available for chemical analysis and the type(s) of information these
instruments provide. It is my hope that you will then expand your knowledge of
the instruments you come into contact with during your scientific career,
thereby avoiding the "black box" problem.
Specific Course
Objectives:
By the end of this
course, you should be able to demonstrate:
- an understanding of how chemical and
physical properties of substances are used in the design and construction
of modern sophisticated instrumentation used for chemical analysis
- a broad knowledge
of the types of instrumentation generally available and the information
provided by each
- a knowledge of
appropriate instrumental methods for addressing a chemical analysis
problem
- the advantages,
disadvantages, and limitations of different instruments used for similar
types of analyses
- rigorous
mathematical methods to evaluate instrument performance
Grading/Evaluation:
Student
Conduct Code: “Responsibility for good
conduct rests with students as adult individuals.” Since all graded work (including homework to
be collected, quizzes, papers, mid-term examinations, final examination,
research proposals, laboratory results and reports, etc.) are used in the
determination of academic progress, no collaboration on such work is permitted
unless the instructor explicitly indicates that some specific degree of
collaboration is allowed. This statement is not intended to discourage students
from studying together, seeking help from the instructor, or working together
on assignments that are not to be collected.
Refer to the “Academic Misconduct Policy” in the online Student Handbook: http://www2.winthrop.edu/studentaffairs/handbook/StudentHandbook.pdf
Grades in this course will be determined
from three sources, as follows:
- Homework (20%): Periodically, homework
problems will be assigned from the textbook or as handouts, and collected.
Due dates for each assignment are the final date each assignment will be
accepted. Your lowest homework
assignment will be dropped before averaging.
- Exam
1: September 17
- Exam
2: October 15
- Exam
3: November 12
- Exam
4: December 1
- Final Examination
(20%): Friday, December 11, 11:30 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. This will be a
cumulative final examination given during exam week. If you score higher
on the final exam than your lowest mid-term exam, the final exam grade
will replace the lowest exam grade, before averaging.
Letter grades will
be assigned as follows:
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94
- 100%: |
A |
90-93%: |
A- |
86-89%: |
B+ |
82-85%: |
B |
78-81%: |
B- |
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74-77%: |
C+ |
70-73%: |
C |
66-69%: |
C- |
62-65%: |
D+ |
58-61%: |
D |
|
55-57%: |
D- |
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Attendance:
You are expected to attend each class meeting
for the full scheduled time.
Instrumental Analysis is a difficult upper-level course and this
will help you to concentrate on the appropriate material and reinforce the
assigned readings and problems. You are
required to bring pencil, paper, textbook, and a scientific calculator to each
class. Cell phone calculators are not
acceptable.
Students
with Disabilities:
Winthrop
University is dedicated to providing access to education. If you have a
disability and require specific accommodations to complete this course, contact
Services for Students with Disabilities, at 323-3290. Once you have your
official notice of accommodations from Services for Students with Disabilities,
please inform me as early as possible in the semester.
Additional Requirements for Graduate Level
Credit:
Students
wishing to receive graduate level credit for this course are required to
complete a 5-7 page review paper on a cutting edge analytical technique. Resources can be found by reviewing either
the “Fundamentals Review” or “Applications Review” issues of the journal, Analytical Chemistry (June 15th
issue of even & odd years, respectively). The paper must cite a minimum of 10 primary
literature sources and must be submitted by December 8, 2009. Graduate students should be aware that
Winthrop’s +/- grading system is not applicable to courses taken for graduate
credit. Letter grades will be assigned
as follows: 92%-100% A; 83%-91% B; 74%-82% C, 55%-73% D.
Syllabus Changes:
While unlikely, the Professor
reserves the right to change the course syllabus if circumstances dictate. You will be notified of any change via class
meeting time and/or email.
Course Calendar:
*Revised – August 25, 2009
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Tentative
Schedule*: |
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Date |
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Lecture Sections |
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T,
25-August |
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Introduction,
Ch.1 |
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R,
27-August |
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Ch.
2A |
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T,
1-September |
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Ch.
2B-C |
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R,
3-September |
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Ch.
3A-C |
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T,
8-September |
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Ch.
5A-B |
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R,
10-September |
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Ch.
5C |
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T,
15-September |
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Ch.
6A-B; Review |
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R,
17-September |
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Exam 1 (Ch. 1-3C, 5) |
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T,
22-September |
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Ch.
6C-D |
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R,
24-September |
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Ch.
7A-B |
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T,
29-September |
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Ch.
7C-E |
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R,
1-October |
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Ch
7F-7I |
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T,
6-October |
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Ch.
13 |
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R,
8-October |
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Ch.
15 |
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T,
13-October |
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Ch. 16A; Review |
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R,
15-October |
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Exam 2 (Ch. 6-7, 13,
15) |
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T,
20-October |
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Fall Break |
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R,
22-October |
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Ch. 16B-C |
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T,
27-October |
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Ch.
18A |
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R,
29-October |
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Ch.
18B-C |
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T,
3-November |
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Ch.
19A-C |
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R,
5-November |
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Ch.
19D-H |
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T,
10-November |
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Ch.
26A-F; Review |
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R,
12-November |
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Exam 3 (Ch. 16, 18, 19) |
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T,
17-November |
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Ch.
29A-C |
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R,
19-November |
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Ch. 30A-B |
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T,
24-November |
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Ch.
30C-E; Review |
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R,
26-Novemberl |
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Thanksgiving Break |
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T,
1-December |
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Exam 4 (Ch. 26, 29, 30) |
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R,
3-December |
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Review & Course Evaluation |
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T,
8-December |
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Study Day |
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F,
11-December |
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Final Exam – 11:30 am |
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*Subject
to change, if weather or events make it necessary.
Lecture Notes (password needed)
Useful links:
Chapter
Competencies (essential skills for each chapter and a useful study guide
for exams)
Old Exam 3
Old Exam 4
My advice, to help you
succeed in this course:
- Read the textbook.
- Be sure you know
how to do mean, standard deviation, and linear regression slope/intercept
with your calculator.
- Stay ahead of the
lectures in your reading.
- Work the homework
problems by yourself, without any aid.
- Don’t fall behind.
- Wear
sunscreen.
- Floss at least once
a day.
- Talk to your
professor, especially if you are confused.
- Get a good night’s
rest.
- Sing occasionally.
- Read the textbook.